2009년 5월 4일 월요일

Kernel EXTensions - KEXTs, Everything most people could possibly want to know

First of all, thanks realityiswhere,

Source from : http://www.projectosx.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=102

WORK IN PROGRESS

중요하거나 많이 사용되는 Kext는 Red로 표시되어 있습니다.  시스템 문제를 야기시킬 수 있는 kexts (시스템에 문제를 야기시키거나 불필요한 kext는 언급을 하지 않거나)는  Orange.색깔로 표시되어 있습니다.  Anything marked with Obsolete has nothing to do with Intel Macs or OSx86. Pseudo-Extensions only have an Info.plist and a version.plist, not a binary (binaries can be very, very loosely called "programs").

If you see another table on the right of a kext, that means these kexts are located *INSIDE* of the kext on the left. Access them by right clicking the kext in question, click "show package contents", under the Contents/PlugIns/ directory.

If anyone edits this and messes it up, I will be very sad sad.gif

Apple KEXTs
Kext Name Definition
ACard6280ATA.kext Obsolete SCSI/ATA drivers for Acard
ACard62xxM.kext Obsolete SCSI/ATA drivers for Acard
ACard67162.kext Obsolete SCSI/ATA drivers for Acard
ACard671xSCSI.kext Obsolete SCSI/ATA drivers for Acard
ACard6885M.kext Obsolete SCSI/ATA drivers for Acard
ACard68xxM.kext Obsolete SCSI/ATA drivers for Acard
ALF.kext Presumably used for the Algebraic Logic Functional Programming Language.
ATINDRV.kext ATI Native Driver, presumably for non-Radeon cards. See the notes from the PowerMac G3
ATIRNDRV.kext Presumably for ATI Radeon Native Drivers.
ATIRadeon.kext Obsolete PPC Only
ATIRadeon8500.kext Obsolete PPC ATI Radeon 8500 driver.
ATIRadeon9700.kext test
ATIRadeonX1000.kext test
ATIRadeonX2000.kext test
ATTOExpressPCIPlus.kext PCI-E SCSI card drivers for ATTO
Apple02Audio.kext Obsolete Legacy audio kext.
Apple16X50Serial.kext Obsolete Used for serial connectors/adaptors
AppleACPIPlatform.kext ACPI is the standard for Power Management in computers, interacts with the EFI in real Macs, has to do with controlling interrupts (IRQ), non-volatile RAM, controlling sleep, thermal settings, controlling the RTC, contains other kexts including AppleACPIButtons.kext, AppleACPIIEC.kext, AppleACPIPCI.kext.
AppleAD741x.kext Digital temperature sensor driver.
AppleADBButtons.kext Obsolete Apple Desktop Bus (or ADB) is an obsolete bit-serial computer bus connecting low-speed devices to computers. Used primarily on the Apple Macintosh platform, ADB equipment is still available but not supported by most Apple hardware manufactured since 1999. <you>(No idea what this actual kext does, doesn't really matter)</you>
AppleADBKeyboard.kext Obsolete Used for Apple Desktop Bus keyboards.
AppleADBMouse.kext Obsolete, used for Apple Desktop Bus mice.
AppleADM103x.kext ACPI-Compliant remote thermal monitor with integrated fan controller.
AppleADT746x.kext Thermal management controller and voltage monitor.
AppleAHCIPort.kext test
AppleAPIC.kext http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_APIC_Architecture
AppleAirPort.kext
Obsolete PPC Only - Airport kexts
Name Definition
AppleAirportFW.kext Obsolete PPC Only
AppleAirportFWAP.kext Obsolete PPC Only
AppleBMC.kext A baseboard management controller (BMC) is a specialized microcontroller embedded on the motherboard of a computer, generally a server. The BMC is the intelligence in the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) architecture. The BMC manages the interface between system management software and platform hardware.
AppleBacklight.kext Backlighting support for Notebook displays, ie: changing the brightness/power settings of the lcd.
AppleBlower.kext Obsolete PPC Only, Most likely to do to with the fan, references in the binary to KeyLargo.
AppleCPUThermo.kext Obsolete PPC Only, temperature sensor, references in binary to PPCI2CInterface
AppleCore99NVRAM.kext Obsolete PPC Only.
AppleDallasDriver.kext Obsolete Legacy Audio kext
AppleEFIRuntime.kext Possibly used for EFI initialization of graphics card ROM BIOS.
AppleFCU.kext Nothing to do with the Apple Federal Credit Union, laugh.gif going through ASCII strings in the binary seems to indicate some form of sensor polling for PowerPC I2C Interface sensors.
AppleFPButton.kext test
AppleFWAudio.kext FireWire audio
AppleFan.kext Fan control
AppleFileSystemDriver.kext General filesystem driver for HFS+, Apple RAID.
AppleFlashNVRAM.kext Obsolete PPC Only, references to Jmicron in the binary, most likely has to do with flashing nvram as the name says.
AppleGPIO.kext General Purpose Input/Output
AppleGW.kext Graphics warning? Localizable strings and binary make reference to properly plugging the graphics card in, binary has nothing but button/alert text.
AppleGraphicsControl.kext Presumably for dynamic GPU switching on things like the Macbook Pro which has two GPUs, has to do with controlling brightness as well.
AppleGraphicsPowerManagement.kext Guess tongue.gif
AppleHDA.kext High Definition Audio kext, contains other audio kexts including: AppleHDAController.kext, IOHDAFamily.kext, and AppleHDAHALPlugin.bundle.
AppleHDAController.kext Found inside of AppleHDA.kext
AppleHIDKeyboard.kext Human Interface Device = Keyboard controls.
AppleHIDMouse.kext HID = Human Interface Device, mouse controls.
AppleHPET.kext High Precision Event Timer: Complicated, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPET
AppleHWClock.kext test
AppleHWSensor.kext test
AppleI2C.kext Inter-Integrated Circuit, used for connecting low-speed peripherels to a motherboard.
AppleI2S.kext Integrated Inter-chip Sound, an electrical serial bus interface standard used for connecting digital audio devices together
AppleI2SModemFamily.kext Same as above, but for modems.
AppleIRController.kext Driver for the infrared port used by the Apple Remote.
AppleIntelCPUPowerManagement.kext Used for speedstepping on real Macs, known to cause kernel panics on OSx86 systems that do not have a properly patched DSDT. *note: this does not provide functionality from the kext, only stops the kernel panic from occuring.
AppleIntelGMA950.kext Kernel extension for GMA 950 (mobility and desktop versions).
AppleIntelGMAX3100.kext Kernel extension for GMA X3100 graphics cards. GMA X3100 always refers to the mobile version, there is no known support for the GMA 3100 (Without the X), the desktop version.
AppleIntelGMAX3100FB.kext Framebuffer for GMA X3100
AppleIntelIntegratedFramebuffer.kext Built-in framebuffer for Integrated Intel (GMA950?) graphics cards.
AppleK2.kext Obsolete K2 is an older IO controller used with PowerMac G5's, potentially obsolete? Nothing to do with Intel Macs at least.
AppleK2Driver.kext Obsolete K2 is an older IO controller used with PowerMac G5's, potentially obsolete? Nothing to do with Intel Macs at least.
AppleK2Fan.kext Obsolete K2 is an older IO controller used with PowerMac G5's, potentially obsolete? Nothing to do with Intel Macs at least.
AppleK2SATA.kext Obsolete K2 is an older IO controller used with PowerMac G5's, potentially obsolete? Nothing to do with Intel Macs at least.
AppleK2SATARoot.kext ObsoleteK2 is an older IO controller used with PowerMac G5's, potentially obsolete? Nothing to do with Intel Macs at least.
AppleKauaiATA.kext An island in Hawaii, also an Obsolete PPC ATA controller used in older Macs.
AppleKeyLargo.kext Obsolete The KeyLargo custom IC, the third major component of the Xserve architecture, is connected to the main PCI bus through a dedicated PCI-to-PCI bridge. It provides all the I/O functions except Ethernet and FireWire. The KeyLargo IC provides two USB root hubs, a UATA interface, and support for the LED display, also used in PowerMac G4's.
AppleKeyswitch.kext Obsolete Xserve G5's keyswitch security prevents unauthorized hot-plugging and mounting of a USB or FireWire hard drive. When the keyswitch is locked, the CD is ejected. In addition, the Security System pane provides configuration support for USB keyboard and mouse.
AppleKiwiATA.kext Obsolete I believe this is another IO Controller hub driver.
AppleKiwiRoot.kext Obsolete See above.
AppleLED.kext test
AppleLM7x.kext test
AppleLM87.kext test
AppleLM8x.kext test
AppleLMUController.kext test
AppleLPC.kext test
AppleLSIFusionMPT.kext test
AppleMCEDriver.kext test
AppleMPIC.kext test
AppleMacRISC2PE.kext test
AppleMacRISC4PE.kext Obsolete PPC only.
AppleMacRiscPCI.kext test
AppleMaxim1989.kext Obsolete PPC Only.
AppleMaxim6690.kext Obsolete PPC Only.
AppleMediaBay.kext test
AppleMikeyHIDDriver.kext test
AppleMobileDevice.kext test
AppleOnboardAudio.kext test
AppleOnboardDisplay.kext test
ApplePCCard16ATA.kext test
ApplePCCardATA.kext test
ApplePMU.kext Obsolete Power Management Unit, twice outdated (once by the SMU, then by the SMC)
ApplePlatformEnabler.kext support for non-ACPI compliant systems? (old kernel flag "Platform=X86PC" as opposed to Platform=ACPI)
AppleRAID.kext Software RAID
AppleRAIDCard.kext Hardware RAID card support
AppleRTC.kext Used for controlling the Real-Time Clock, the chip used to keep the computer time even when the system is turned off.
AppleSEP.kext This is a guess at best Signaling End Point, used for controlling signals in telecommunications, possibly having to do with modems. Info.plist makes reference to virtual interfaces and physical interconnects.
AppleSMBIOS.kext A normal PC SMBIOS defines data structures (and access methods) in a BIOS which allows a user or application to store and retrieve information specifically about the computer in question. The AppleSMBIOS.kext does the same thing with the OS X System Profiler.
AppleSMBusController.kext SMBus is a subset of I2C, used for communication with low-bandwidth devices on a motherboard, especially power related chips, such as temperature, fan, or voltage sensors, communicates with the ICH (I/O Controller Hub) on Intel chipsets, and with the MCP (Media Communications Processor) on nVidia chipsets.
AppleSMBusPCI.kext SMBus is a subset of I2C, this kext resumably does the same thing as the SMBUSController except for low bandwidth PCI devices specifically.
AppleSMC.kext System Manegement Controller, replaces the SMU, used for power management, optimization of airflow and keeping noise to a minimum inside the case.
AppleSMCLMU.kext sensors for macbooks, macbook3,1 & macbook4,1 & macbook5,1 .
AppleSMU.kext Obsolete The SMU manages thermal and power conditions to optimize the power and airflow while keeping audible noise to a minimum. Power consumption and temperature are monitored by the operating system, which communicates the necessary adjustments back to the SMU. The SMU makes the changes, slowing down or speeding up fans as necessary. Replaced by the SMC.
AppleSMUMonitor.kext Obsolete Monitoring for the System Management Unit. Replaced by the SMC.
AppleSPU.kext Obsolete PPC only, references ot keylargo and K2 in binary.
AppleSmartBatteryManager.kext SBD (Smart Battery Data) is a method to monitor a rechargeable battery pack, initiated by Duracell and Intel. A special integrated circuit in the battery pack monitors the battery and reports information to the SMBus. This information might include: type, model number, manufacturer, characteristics, discharge rate, predicted remaining capacity, almost-discharged alarm so that the PC can shut down gracefully; temperature and voltage to provide safe fast-charging.
AppleStorageDrivers.kext
AppleStorageDrivers.kext contains these kexts
Name Definition
AppleATAPIStorage.kext test
AppleHollywood.kext test
AppleMemorexCDROMDriver.kext test
AppleUSBODD.kext test
AppleXserveRAID.kext test
CanonEOS1D.kext test
FWPreferredProtocolSpeed.kext test
FireWireStorageDeviceSpecifics.kext test
IOFireWireSerialBusProtocolSansPhysicalUnit.kext test
LSI-FW-500.kext test
MKE-LF-D211A.kext test
MKE-SR-8171.kext test
MaxTranserSizeOverrideDriver.kext test
OxfordSemiconductor.kext test
PioneerSuperDrive.kext test
PreventMediaMountDriver.kext test
QPSQueFire.kext test
SanyoIDShot.kext test
SonyXDCAMDriver.kext test
StorageLynx.kext test
UFIWriteProtectedMediaDriver.kext test
USBStorageDeviceSpecifics.kext test
WriteProtectedMediaDriver.kext test
initioFWBridge.kext test
AppleSym8xx.kext Symbios Logic SCSI driver.
AppleThermal.kext test
AppleUSBAudio.kext USB audio driver.
AppleUSBDisplays.kext test
AppleUSBMultitouch.kext Multi-touch trackpad driver for the Aluminium Macbooks.
AppleUSBTopCase.kext reminder, make a new table for AppleUSBTCButtons.kext, AppleUSBTCKeyEventDriver.kext, AppleUSBTCKeyboard.kext, AppleUSBTCTrackpad.kext
AppleUpstreamUserClient.kext test
AppleVIA.kext test
AppleVSP.kext Obsolete PPC only, makes reference to PowerMac G3 in binary, no idea what this actually does.
AppleXsanFilter.kext test
Apple_iSight.kext Webcam kext (iSight is Apple's webcam name).
ArcMSR.kext test
AudioDeviceTreeUpdater.kext test
AudioIPCDriver.kext test
BootCache.kext test
CHUDKernLib.kext test
CHUDProf.kext test
CHUDUtils.kext test
CM4040.kext test
CRYPTOCardPCCard.kext Smart card reader (for cryptographic cards).
Dont Steal Mac OS X.kext Used to support memory page encryption and decryption, presumably through interaction with an EFI module.
GeForce.kext One of three very important original Apple kexts required by OSx86 machines for nvidia graphics functionality. This kext is a MUST for QE/CI.
GeForcePPC.kext test
I2CGPIO.kext test
ICAClassicNotSeizeDriver.kext test
ICAFWKodakProDriver.kext test
IO80211Family.kext Basic wireless framework driver, further functionality for specific cards are in other kexts located *inside* of this kext (under the Contents/PlugIns/ directory), such as support for Broadcom or Atheros chipsets (to name the two most commonly supported chipsets).
IOACPIFamily.kext test
IOADBFamily.kext test
IOAHCIFamily.kext
AHCI Input/Output family most likely a meta-kext
Name Definition
IOAHCISerialATAPI.kext test
IOAHCIBlockStorage.kext test
IOATAFamily.kext
Meta-kext for ATA functionality?
Name Definition
AppleIntelPIIXATA.kext This is one of the main kexts used for SATA/ATA settings for the ICHx (I/O Controller Hub) family. If your ATA/SATA settings are not working and you're using an ICHx southbridge, this is the first kext to look at.
IOATABlockStorage test
IOATAPIProtocolTransport.kext test
IOAudioFamily.kext test
IOBDStorageFamily.kext test
IOBluetoothFamily.kext test
IOBluetoothHIDDriver.kext test
IOCDStorageFamily.kext test
IODVDStorageFamily.kext test
IOFireWireAVC.kext test
IOFireWireFamily.kext test
IOFireWireIP.kext test
IOFireWireSBP2.kext test
IOFireWireSerialBusProtocolTransport.kext test
IOGraphicsFamily.kext test
IOHDAFamily.kext Found inside of AppleHDA.kext
IOHDIXController.kext Used for creation of and mounting of Disk Images, such as .dmg files.
IOHIDFamily.kext Input/output of human interface devices, such as keyboards/mice.
Note on IOI2C I�C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a multi-master serial computer bus invented by Philips that is used to attach low-speed peripherals to a motherboard, SMBus is a subset of this bus-type. Most of these are PPC ONLY - meaning completely OBSOLETE
IOI2CAD741x.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CADT746x.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CCPUVoltage.kext Unibin - Add more info
IOI2CControllerPMU.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CControllerPPC.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CControllerSMU.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CDeviceFCU.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CDeviceLMU.kext Unibin - Add more info
IOI2CDriveBayGPIO.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CFamily.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CHWClock.kext Unibin - Add more info
IOI2CLM6x.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CLM7x.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CLM8x.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CMaxim1631.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CMaxim1989.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CMaxim6690.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CMotionSensor.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CPulsar.kext Unibin - Add more info
IOI2CSMUSat.kext Obsolete PPC Only
IOI2CSlewClock.kext Unibin - Add more info
IOKeyLargo.kext test
IONDRVSupport.kext test
IONetworkingFamily.kext This kext provides a basic driver framework for Ethernet adaptors, further functionality for specific chipsets is provided by other kexts located *inside* of this kext (located under the Contents/PlugIns/ directory), such as support for Intel or Realtek chipsets (two of the most common ones).
IOPCCardFamily.kext test
IOPCIFamily.kext test
IOPlatformFunction.kext test
IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext test
IOSCSIArchitectureModelFamily.kext test
IOSCSIParallelFamily.kext test
IOSMBusFamily.kext test
IOSerialFamily.kext test
IOStorageFamily.kext test
IOStreamFamily.kext test
IOUSBFamily.kext test
IOUSBMassStorageClass.kext Needed for USB flash storage devices.
IOVideoFamily.kext test
IPFirewall.kext Pseudo Extension
ImmersionForceFeedback.kext test
JMicronATA.kext Exactly as it sounds, ATA driver for jmicron chipsets.
KeyLargoATA.kext Obsolete Key Largo ATA drivers.
LSIUltra320.kext Obsolete SCSI controller driver for LSUI Ultra 320.
LogitechForceFeedback.kext test
MacIOGPIO.kext Input/Output kext for General Purpose Input/Output biggrin.gif
MegaRAID.kext MegaRAID drivers.
NVDANV10Hal.kext test
NVDANV20Hal.kext test
NVDANV30Hal.kext test
NVDANV40Hal.kext One of three very important original Apple kexts required by OSx86 machines for nvidia graphics functionality. This kext provides support for 6xxx and 7xxx series nvidia cards.
NVDANV40HalPPC.kext PowerPC equivalent of NVDANV40Hal.kext.
NVDANV50Hal.kext One of three very important original Apple kexts required by OSx86 machines for nvidia graphics functionality. This kext provides support for 8xxx and 9xxx series nvidia cards.
NVDAResman.kext One of three very important original Apple kexts required by OSx86 machines for nvidia graphics functionality. This kext is responsible for providing resolution changing capabilities with nvidia graphics cards.
NVDAResmanPPC.kext Resolution changing for nvidia cards on PPC Macs.
NVSMU.kext Possible nvidia system management unit, ROM controller potentially?
OSvKernDSPLib.kext Kernel digital audio signal processing library?
PMUMotionSensor.kext Presumably an outdated kext, since it refers to the PMU (Power Management Unit), which has since been replaced not only once by the SMU (System Management Unit), but twice, by the SMC (System Management Controller).
PPP.kext Point-to-Point Protocol kext, associated with PPPoE.ppp, PPPSerial.ppp, PPTP.ppp, and Radius.ppp, all located inside /System/Library/Extensions/.
SCR24X_Apple_Driver.kext PCMCIA card driver for SCR24X smart card reader.
Seatbelt.kext Used for sandboxing, provides an additional layer of security when running programs downloaded from the internet or potentially dangerous code.
SM56KUSBAudioFamily.kext Note: New table for AppleSM56KUSBAudio.kext and AppleSM56KUSBModemFamily.kext
SMCMotionSensor.kext Current motion sensor kext for Macbooks, which have an integrated motion sensor, some games make use of it, mainly use to lock the hard drive in place if it detects sudden motion (such as dropping), or can be used in case of theft to trigger an alarm.
SoftRAID.kext test
System.kext
System.kext contains lots of Pseudo-Extensions
Name Description
AppleNMI.kext Pseudo-Extension - A non-maskable interrupt (NMI) is a computer processor interrupt that cannot be ignored by standard interrupt masking techniques in the system. It is typically used to signal attention for non-recoverable hardware errors. (Some NMIs may be masked, but only by using proprietary methods specific to the particular NMI.)
ApplePlatformFamily.kext test
BSDKernel.kext test
BSDKernel6.0.kext test
IOKit.kext test
IOKit6.0.kext test
IONVRAMFamily.kext test
IOSystemManagement.kext test
Libkern.kext test
Libkern6.0.kext test
MACFramework.kext test
Mach.kext test
Mach6.0.kext test
System6.0.kext test
Unsupported.kext test
TMSafetyNet.kext Used to protect accidental or intentional deletion of time machine backups. More info
VirtualAudioDriver.kext Most likely this Virtual Audio driver allows you to route the audio output of any program into the input of another
autofs.kext Used to eliminate the need to mount filesystems manually, probably guesses the filesystem and mounts it automatically with the available/appropriate options that OS X has for that specific filesystem.
cddafs.kext Compact Disc Digital Audio filesystem, presumably used to read/write audio cds following the CDDA standard.
iPodDriver.kext Absolutely mind-boggling what this kext could possibly ever do. Maybe someday its true mysteries will be explored.
iTunesPhoneDriver.kext iPhone driver, same as iPodDriver above, but for the iPhone.
mcxalr.kext Managed Client application launch restriction tool and agent - Used internally to manage and implement application launch restrictions for Managed Clients (MCX). Also used by Workgroup Manager to sign applications as root to insure all permissions and modes are preserved.
msdosfs.kext ms-dos filesystem driver.
ntfs.kext New Technology File System driver, allows OS X to read Windows NTFS volumes.
nvenet.kext Nvidia ethernet, has to do with ethernet on MCP73/MCP79 systems.
smbfs.kext Samba filesystem kext, responsible for providing the ability to mount remote Windows file shares using Samba
udf.kext Universal Disc Format filesystem driver, used to read/write to UDF formatted cd/dvd's.
webdav_fs.kext Filesystem driver for WebDAV.Wikipedia: Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning, or WebDAV, is a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allows users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote World Wide Web servers.
webfilter.kext test
zfs.readonly.kext Read-only capability for the ZFS filesystem. There is a ZFS read/write kext available if one wishes to experiment with the ZFS filesystem under OS X.


OSx86 Community Contributed KEXTs
Name Definition (and Author, if known/applicable)
ALCinject.kext
AppleDecrypt.kext the newest decryption kext available, replaces dsmos.kext for decryption of OS X binaries. For more info on the encrypted binaries see this article by Amit Singh, author of "OS X Internals".
AppleSMBIOSEFI.kext Kext written by Chun-Nan to resolve SMBIOS issues as opposed to hacking the original AppleSMBIOS.kext
SMBIOSEnabler.kext Kext written by Kabyl to resolve SMBIOS issues as opposed to hacking the original AppleSMBIOS.kext (deprecated in favour of SMBIOSResolver)
SMBIOSResolver.kext Kext written by Superhai to resolve SMBIOS issues as opposed to hacking the original AppleSMBIOS.kext
dsmos.kext Used to decrypt binaries in the OS X Operating System. For more info on the encrypted binaries see this article by Amit Singh, author of "OS X Internals".
forcedeth.kext Outdated kext used to provide basic ethernet adaptor functionality for nforce-based motherboards.
HDAEnabler.kext High Definition Audio Enabler, provides increased functionality from ALCinject, with fake outputs in System Profiler as well.
Intel82566MM.kext A kext graciously crafted by Guijin Ding, can be used to get certain Intel LAN chipsets working properly, source available at his blog. Based off the open source e1000 driver from Linux/BSD.
Disabler.kext Used to disable kexts known to cause issues on standard PC's, specifically AppleIntelCPUPowerManagement.kext, and AppleEFIRuntime.kext
Natit.kext This kext injects pre-established values into the OS X IOREG from a graphics card, can be ATI, Intel, or nVidia depending on the version of the natit.kext used.
nforcelan.kext newest kext for providing driver functionality for nforce chipset based motherboards.
NVkush.kext This kext injects pre-established values that a nvidia graphics card provides into the OS X IOREG, enabling graphics driver functionality
NVinject.kext This kext injects pre-established values that a nvidia graphics card provides into the OS X IOREG, enabling graphics driver functionality
OpenHaltRestart.kext A kext provided by Psystar Inc., used to fix several shutdown/restart issues, no known correlation to sleep issues. Can be downloaded from Psystar's website.
Titan.kext This kext injects pre-established values that a nvidia graphics card provides into the OS X IOREG, enabling graphics driver functionality


To be added: agpgart, EHCISleepEnabler

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    대다수의 일반 사람들이 프레젠테이션 디자인을 할 때 가장 크게 망각하는 것이 바로 서체에 대한 선택입니다. 프레젠테이션은 여러분을 표현하는 것이기때문에 바로 브랜딩으로 이어집니다. 따라서, 여러분만의 프레젠테이션 슬라이드의 특징을 가지는 것은 중요합니다. 제가 인텔에서 인턴으로 일하고 있을 때의 일입니다. 인텔은 직접 소비자에게 제품을 전달하는 회사가 아닙니다. 인텔의 주사업은 인텔의 반도체를 삼성,LG,애플등과 같은 회사들에게 파는 것입니다. 그런..

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